Are there differences between the male and female brains? That's a rather loaded question, and one that has generally been asked in terms of behaviors and aptitudes—for example, there has been an extended debate about a math gap between the sexes that now appears to be a product of culture. But there does appear to be a distinct difference between the nervous systems of men and women. It just appears at a far more basic level: pain.
In the jargon-rich opening sentence of a paper that's being released by PNAS, "Sexually dimorphic nociception and opioid anti-nociception is very pervasive but poorly understood." Once you know that nociception is the sensing of noxious things like pain and that opioids are, well, opiates, however, it becomes much easier to follow: men and women differ in their sensing of pain and responses to drugs that block it. There are a significant number of papers that detail finding these differences in humans and other mammals, as well as the general finding that women are more likely to suffer from chronic pain ailments.
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